When Jesus cursed a fig tree, because it had leaves but no figs, the disciples were shocked to see that it soon died. It was a warning that God's patience with arrogant unbelieving religion would not be stretched indefinitely (Matthew 21:18-22).
The fruitless tree symbolised the fanatically religious nation, but with no relationship to God who had 'planted' her. Within 40 years of God's people finally rejecting God's Messiah, their temple was destroyed.